![]() ![]() Quantum dots are a special class of semiconductors, which are nanocrystals, composed of periodic groups of II-VI, III-V, or IV-VI materials and can confine electrons (quantum confinement). They can be processed to create junctions on inexpensive substrates such as plastics, glass or metal sheets.They can easily be combined with organic polymers and dyes. In contrast to traditional semiconductor materials that are crystalline or amorphous, quantum dots can be molded into a variety of different types, in two-dimensional (sheets) or three-dimensional arrays. Quantum dots (QDs) have the advantage of tunable bandgap as a result of size variation as well as formation of intermediate bands. Therefore, novel materials or structures with tunable bandgap or intermediate band that can be tuned to match the spectral distribution of solar spectrum arecrucial. In conventional microstructures (bulk) single junction solar cells, photons with energies less than semiconductor bandgap are not harvested while those with energies much larger than the bandgap produce hot-carries and upon cooling down (thermalization) the excess energyget wasted as heat. One of the foremost challenges in solar cells industry is reducing the cost/watt of delivered solar electricity. ![]()
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